<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mateltech</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Материалы электронной техники</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii. Materialy Elektronnoi Tekhniki = Materials of Electronics Engineering</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1609-3577</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-6387</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MISIS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/1609-3577-2015-4-233-239</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mateltech-220</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ПОВЕРХНОСТНОЕ ДИПОЛЬНОЕ УПОРЯДОЧЕНИЕ СУБМИКРОННЫХ ПЛЕНОК ПОЛИДИФЕНИЛЕНФТАЛИДА</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>SURFACE DIPOLE ORDERING OF SUBMICRON POLYDIPHENYLENEPHTHALIDE FILMS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карамов</surname><given-names>Д. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karamov</surname><given-names>D. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Карамов Данфис Данисович </p><p>ул. Октябрьской революции, д. 3а, Уфа, 450000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">karamov_danfis@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киселев</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kiselev</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Киселев Дмитрий Александрович </p><p>Ленинский просп., д. 4, Москва, 119049</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry A. Kiselev — Cand. Sci. (Phys.−Math.), Senior Researcher; </p><p>4 Leninsky Prospekt, Moscow 119049</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dm.kiselev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малинкович</surname><given-names>М. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malinkovich</surname><given-names>M. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Малинкович Михаил Давыдович </p><p>Ленинский просп., д. 4, Москва, 119049</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail D. Malinkovich — Cand. Sci. (Phys.− Math.), Ass. Prof. </p><p>4 Leninsky Prospekt, Moscow 119049</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">malinkovich@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корнилов</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kornilov</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Корнилов Виктор Михайлович </p><p>ул. Октябрьской революции, д. 3а, Уфа, 450000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">kornilov@anrb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лачинов</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lachinov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лачинов Алексей Николаевич </p><p>Уфа</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lachinov@anrb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гадиев</surname><given-names>Р. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gadiev</surname><given-names>R. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гадиев Радик Мансафович </p><p>ул. Октябрьской революции, д. 3а, Уфа, 450000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">gadiev.radik@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Башкирский государственный педагогический университет им. Акмуллы; &#13;
ФГБУ Уфимский научный центр РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bashkir State Pedagogical University named after M. Akmulla; &#13;
Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский технологический университет «МИСиС»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National University of Science and Technology «MISIS»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Башкирский государственный педагогический университет им. Акмуллы</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bashkir State Pedagogical University named after M. Akmulla</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-4"><institution>Башкирский государственный педагогический университет им. Акмуллы; &#13;
ФГБУ Уфимский научный центр РАН</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>12</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>233</fpage><lpage>239</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Карамов Д.Д., Киселев Д.А., Малинкович М.Д., Корнилов В.М., Лачинов А.М., Гадиев Р.М., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Карамов Д.Д., Киселев Д.А., Малинкович М.Д., Корнилов В.М., Лачинов А.М., Гадиев Р.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Karamov D.D., Kiselev D.A., Malinkovich M.D., Kornilov V.M., Lachinov A.N., Gadiev R.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://met.misis.ru/jour/article/view/220">https://met.misis.ru/jour/article/view/220</self-uri><abstract><p>Рассмотрена проблема поверхностного дипольного упорядочения тонких полимерных слоев в нанометровой области толщин. Экспериментально исследованы субмикронные диэлектрические пленки электроактивного полимера полидифениленфталида, в состав молекул которого входят боковые фталидные группы с относительно большим дипольным моментом. Интерес к данному полимеру вызван аномально высокой проводимостью границы раздела полимер—полимер. Ранее этот эффект связывали с возможным поверхностным упорядочением фталидных групп. Используя методы сканирующей микроскопии пьезоэлектрического отклика, исследована поверхность субмикронных пленок, созданных методом центрифугирования. Обнаружено проявление спонтанной поляризации, указывающей на наличие упорядочения диполей. Для определения объемного и поверхностного вклада в поляризацию пленок, исследованы процессы поляризации и релаксации в образцах разной толщины. Установлено, что при уменьшении толщины возрастает сигнал пьезоэлектрического отклика и электрически формируемые домены приобретают идеальную радиальную форму. Это является подтверждением того, что преобладающий вклад в ориентационные процессы вносят поверхностные слои полимерной пленки. Обнаружено переключение поляризации, проявляющееся в смене контраста сигнала пьезоотклика при приложении поля различной полярности. Наличие таких поверхностных явлений привлечено для объяснения уникальных электронных свойств границ раздела полярных органических диэлектриков.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This paper considers the problem of surface dipole ordering of thin polymer layers with nanometer range thicknesses. We have experimentally studied submicron dielectric films of electrically active polydiphenylenephthalide polymer composed of molecules that included a side phthalide group with a relatively large dipole moment. The interest to this polymer is caused by an abnormally high conductivity at the polymer/polymer interface which was previously associated with possible superficial ordering of the phthalide groups. Using the methods of piezoresponse force microscopy we have explored the surface of submicron films synthesized by centrifugation. We have detected a manifestation of spontaneous polarization indicating the ordering of dipoles. Also, in order to determine the bulk and surface contributions to the polarization of the films we have studied the polarization and relaxation in samples of different thicknesses. With a reduction of the thickness the piezoelectric response of the signal increases and electrically generated domains acquire ideal radial shapes. This confirms that the surface layers of the polymer film make the predominant contribution to orientation processes. Polarization switching occurs in the films, manifested by the change of the piezoelectric response signal contrast when fields of different polarity are applied. We use these surface phenomena to explain the unique electronic properties of the boundaries of polar organic dielectrics.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тонкие пленки</kwd><kwd>поверхность</kwd><kwd>поляризация</kwd><kwd>полидефиниленфталид</kwd><kwd>дипольное упорядочение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>thin polymer films</kwd><kwd>surface</kwd><kwd>polarization</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Министерство образования и науки Российской Федерации (проект № 11.1568.2014/К); 14−02−01224)РФФИ (грант</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (Project No. 11.1568.2014/K); Russian Federal Property Foundation (Grant No. 14–02–01224).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bune, A. V. Two−dimensional ferroelectric films / A. V. Bune, V. M. Fridkin, S. Ducharme, L. M. Blinov, S. P. Palto, A. V. Sorokin, S. G. Yudin, A. Zlatkin // Nature. − 1998. − V. 391, N 6670. − P. 874—877.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bune A. V., Fridkin V. M., Ducharme S., Blinov L. M., Palto S. P., Sorokin A. V., Yudin S. G., Zlatkin A. Two−dimensional ferroelectric films. Nature, 1998, vol. 391, no. 6670, pp. 874—877.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fridkin, V. M. Ferroelectricity at the nanoscale / V. M. Fridkin, S. Ducharme // Physics−Uspekhi. − 2014. − V. 57, N 6. − P. 597— 603. DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.0184.201406d.0645</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fridkin V. M., Ducharme S. Ferroelectricity at the nanoscale. Physics−Uspekhi, 2014, vol. 57, no. 6, pp. 597—603. DOI: 10.3367/ UFNr.0184.201406d.0645</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khan, M. A. High−performance ferroelectric memory based on phase−separated films of polymer blends / M. A. Khan, U. S. Bhansali, M. N. Almadhoun, I. N. Odeh, D. Cha, H. N. Alshareef // Adv. Funct. Mater. − 2014. − V. 24, N 10. − P. 1372—1381.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khan M. A., Bhansali U. S., Almadhoun M. N., Odeh I. N., Cha D., Alshareef H. N. High−performance ferroelectric memory based on phase−separated films of polymer blends. Advanced Functional Materials, 2014, vol. 24, no. 10, pp. 1372—1381.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blinov, L. M. Two−dimensional ferroelectrics / L. M. Blinov, V. M. Fridkin, S. P. Palto, A. V. Bune, P. A. Dowben, S. Ducharme // Physics−Uspekhi. − 2000. − V. 43, N 3. − P. 243—257. DOI: 10.1070/ PU2000v043n03ABEH000639</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blinov L. M., Fridkin V. M., Palto S. P., Bune A. V., Dowben P. A., Ducharme S. Two−dimensional ferroelectrics. Physics− Uspekhi, 2000, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 243—257. DOI: 10.1070/PU2000v043n03ABEH000639</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alves, H. Metallic conduction at organic charge−transfer interfaces / H. Alves, A. S. Molinari, H. Xie, A. F. Morpurgo // Nature materials. − 2008. − V. 7, N 7. − P. 574—580. DOI: 10.1038/nmat2205</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alves H., Molinari A. S., Xie H., Morpurgo A. F. Metallic conduction at organic charge−transfer interfaces. Nature materials, 2008, vol. 7, no. 7, pp. 574—580. DOI: 10.1038/nmat2205</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gadiev, R. M. The conducting polymer/polymer interface / R. M. Gadiev, A. N. Lachinov, R. B. Salikhov, R. G. Rakhmeev, V. M. Kornilov, A. R. Yusupov // Appl. Phys. Lett. − 2011. − V. 98, N 17. − P. 173305−1—173305−3. DOI: 10.1063/1.3584135</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gadiev R. M., Lachinov A. N., Salikhov R. B., Rakhmeev R. G., Kornilov V. M., Yusupov A. R. The conducting polymer/polymer interface. Appl. Phys. Lett., 2011, vol. 98, no.17, pp. 173305−1—173305−3. DOI: 10.1063/1.3584135</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gadiev, R. M. Effect of dipole ordering on the electrical properties of the interface between two organic insulators / R. M. Gadiev, A. N. Lachinov, A. F. Galiev, L. R. Kalimullina, I. R. Nabiullin // JETP Lett. − 2014. − V. 100, N 4. − P. 251—255. DOI: 10.1134/ S0021364014160061</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gadiev R. M., Lachinov A. N., Galiev A. F., Kalimullina L. R., Nabiullin I. R. Effect of dipole ordering on the electrical properties of the interface between two organic insulators. J. Experimental and Theoretical Phys. Lett., 2014, vol. 100, no.4, pp. 251—255. DOI: 10.1134/ S0021364014160061</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peter, F. Piezoresponse force microscopy and surface effects of perovskite ferroelectric nanostructures. Reihe Informationstechnik/ Information Technology. Bd. 11 / F. Peter. − Julich : Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, 2006. − 106 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Frank Peter. Piezoresponse Force Microscopy and Surface Effects of Perovskite Ferroelectric Nanostructures. Schriften des Forschungszentrums Julich Reihe Informationstechnik, Information Technology Band 11, 2006. 106 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bystrov, V. S. Nanoscale polarization patterning of ferroelectric Langmuir–Blodgett P (VDF−TrFE) films / V. S. Bystrov, I. K. Bdikin, D. A. Kiselev, S. Yudin, V. M. Fridkin, A. L. Kholkin // J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. − 2007. − V. 40, N 15. − P. 4571—4577. DOI: 10.1088/0022-3727/40/15/030.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bystrov V. S., Bdikin I. K., Kiselev D. A., Yudin S., Fridkin V. M., Kholkin A. L. Nanoscale polarization patterning of ferroelectric Langmuir—Blodgett P (VDF−TrFE) films. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 2007, vol. 40, no. 15, pp. 4571—4577. DOI: 10.1088/00223727/40/15/030</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu, C. R. Some chemical and electronic structures of the non−conjugated polymer poly (3, 3′−phthalidylidene−4, 4′−biphenylene) / C. R. Wu, A. N. Lachinov, N. Johansson, S. Stafstrom, T. Kugler, J. Rasmusson, W. R. Salaneck // Synthetic Metals. − 1994. − V. 67, N 1. − P. 125—128. DOI:10.1016/0379-6779(94)90024-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wu C. R., Lachinov A. N., Johansson N., Stafstrom S., Kugler T., Rasmusson J., Salaneck W. R. Some chemical and electronic structures of the non−conjugated polymer poly (3, 3′−phthalidylidene− 4, 4′−biphenylene). Synthetic Metals, 1994, vol. 67, no. 1. pp. 125—128. DOI: 10.1016/0379−6779(94)90024−8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kukhta, A. Polydiphenylenephthalide: Optical Spectroscopy and DFT Calculations. / A. Kukhta, I. Kukhta, S. Salazkin // Mater. Sci. − 2011. − V. 17, N 3. − P. 266—270.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kukhta A., Kukhta I., Salazkin S. Polydiphenylenephthalide: Optical Spectroscopy and DFT Calculations. Materials Science− Medziagotyra. 2011, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 266—270.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kiselev, D. A. Investigation of the ferroelectric properties and dynamics of nanodomains in LiNbO3 thin films grown on Si (100) substrate by scanning probe microscopy techniques / D. A. Kiselev, R. N. Zhukov, S. V. Ksenich, A. P. Kozlova, A. S. Bykov, M. D. Malinkovich, Yu. N. Parkhomenko // Thin Solid Films. − 2014. − V. 556. − P. 142—145. DOI: 10.1016/j.tsf.2014.01.041</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kiselev D. A., Zhukov R. N., Ksenich S. V., Kozlova A. P., Bykov A. S., Malinkovich M. D., Parkhomenko Yu. N. Investigation of the ferroelectric properties and dynamics of nanodomains in LiNbO3 thin films grown on Si (100) substrate by scanning probe microscopy techniques. Thin Solid Films. 2014, vol. 556, pp. 142—145. DOI: 10.1016/j.tsf.2014.01.041</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kiselev, D. A. Piezo− and pyroelectric hysteresis in thin unipolar PZT films / D. A. Kiselev, A. L. Kholkin, A. A. Bogomolov, O. N. Sergeeva, E. Y. Kaptelov, I. P. Pronin // Techn. Phys. Lett. − 2008. − V. 34, N 8. − P. 646—649. DOI: 10.1134/S1063785008080063</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kiselev D. A., Kholkin A. L., Bogomolov A. A., Sergeeva O. N., Kaptelov E. Y., Pronin I. P. Piezo− and pyroelectric hysteresis in thin unipolar PZT films. Technical Physics Letters. 2008, vol. 34, no. 8, pp. 646—649. DOI: 10.1134/S1063785008080063</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kholkin, A. L. Self−polarization effect in Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 thin films / A. L. Kholkin, K. G. Brooks, D. V. Taylor, S. Hiboux, N. Setter // Integrated Ferroelectrics: An International Journal. − 1998. − V. 22, N 1−4. − P. 525—533. DOI: 10.1080/10584589808208071</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kholkin A. L., Brooks K. G., Taylor D. V., Hiboux S., Setter N. Self−polarization effect in Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 thin films. Integrated Ferroelectrics: An International Journal. 1998, vol. 22, no. 1−4, pp. 525—533. DOI: 10.1080/10584589808208071</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jonscher, A. K. Universal relaxation law / A. K. Jonscher. − London : Chelsea Dielectric Press, 1996. − 415 p. 16. Kornilov, V. M. Electron−microscopic analysis of polymer thin films capable of switching to the conductive state / V. M. Kornilov, A. N. Lachinov // Synthetic metals. − 1992. − V. 53, N 1. − P. 71— 76. DOI: 10.1016/0379-6779(92)90009-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jonscher A. K. Universal relaxation law. London: Chelsea Dielectric Press, 1996. 415 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Киселев, Д. А. Инициирование поляризованного состояние в тонких пленках ниобата лития, синтезированных на изолированные кремниевые подложки / Д. А. Киселев, Р. Н. Жуков, А. С. Быков, М. Д. Малинкович, Ю. Н. Пархоменко, Е. А. Выговская // Известия вузов. Материалы электронной техники. − 2012. − № 2. − С. 25—29.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kornilov V. M., Lachinov A. N. Electron−microscopic analysis of polymer thin films capable of switching to the conductive state. Synthetic metals. 1992, vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 71—76. DOI: 10.1016/03796779(92)90009-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lines, M. E. Principles and application of ferroelectrics and related materials / M. E. Lines, A. M. Glass. − Oxford : Clarendon Press, 1977. − 736 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kiselev D. A., Zhukov R. N., Bykov A. S., Malinkovich M. D., Parkhomenko Yu. N., Vygovsksya E. A. Initiation of Polarized State in Lithium Niobate Thin Films Synthesized on Isolated Silicon Substrates. Izvestiya vuzov. Materialy elektronnoi tekhniki = Materials of Electronics Engineering. 2012, no. 2, pp. 25—29.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lines M. E., Glass A. M. Principles and Application of Ferroelectrics and Related Materials. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1977. 736 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lines M. E., Glass A. M. Principles and Application of Ferroelectrics and Related Materials. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1977. 736 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
