<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mateltech</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Материалы электронной техники</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii. Materialy Elektronnoi Tekhniki = Materials of Electronics Engineering</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1609-3577</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-6387</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MISIS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/1609-3577-2016-3-170-178</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mateltech-235</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Материаловедение и технология. Диэлектрики</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. DIELECTRICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Анизотропия механических свойств и механизмы упрочнения в кристаллах твердых растворов ZrO2—Y2O3</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Anisotropic mechanical properties and hardening mechanisms in ZrO2–Y2O3 solid solution crystals</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9799-3720</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борик</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borik</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Борик Михаил Александрович — кандидат техн. наук, старший научный сотрудник.</p><p>ул. Вавилова, д. 38, Москва, 119991.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>38 Vavilov Str., Moscow 119991.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">boric@lst.gpi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Боричевский</surname><given-names>В. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borichevskij</surname><given-names>V. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Боричевский Василий Романович — магистр.</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>38 Vavilov Str., Moscow 119991; 4 Leninsky Prospekt, Moscow 119049.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">borichevskij.vasilij@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бублик</surname><given-names>В. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bublik</surname><given-names>V. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бублик Владимир Тимофеевич — доктор физ.−мат. наук, профессор.</p><p>Ленинский просп., д. 4, Москва, 119049.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>4 Leninsky Prospekt, Moscow 119049.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bublik_vt@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волкова</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volkova</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Волкова Татьяна Владимировна — младший научный сотрудник. </p><p>ул. Большевистская, д. 68, Саранск, 430005.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>68 Bolshevistskaya Str., Saransk 430005, Republic of Mordovia.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sendboxvv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулебякин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulebyakin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кулебякин Алексей Владимирович — кандидат техн. наук, старший научный сотрудник.</p><p>ул. Вавилова, д. 38, Москва, 119991.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>38 Vavilov Str., Moscow 119991.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kulebyakin@lst.gpu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ломонова</surname><given-names>Е. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lomonova</surname><given-names>E. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ломонова Елена Евгеньевна —доктор техн. наук, зав. лабораторией. </p><p>ул. Вавилова, д. 38, Москва, 119991.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>38 Vavilov Str., Moscow 119991.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lomonova@lst.gpi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4327-1877</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Милович</surname><given-names>Ф. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Milovich</surname><given-names>F. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Милович Филипп Олегович — инженер.</p><p>Ленинский просп., д. 4, Москва, 119049.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>4 Leninsky Prospekt, Moscow 119049.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">philippmilovich@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5602-9126</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мызина</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Myzina</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Мызина Валентина Алексеевна — научный сотрудник. </p><p>ул. Вавилова, д. 38, Москва, 119991.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>38 Vavilov Str., Moscow 119991.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vamyzina@lst.gpi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8503-8486</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рябочкина</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryabochkina</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Рябочкина Полина Анатольевна — профессор. </p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>68 Bolshevistskaya Str., Saransk 430005, Republic of Mordovia.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ryabochkina@freemail.mrsu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Серяков</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Seryakov</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Вадимович — аспирант. </p><p>Ленинский просп., д. 4, Москва, 119049.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>4 Leninsky Prospekt, Moscow 119049.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Germes.seryakov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0169-5014</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Табачкова</surname><given-names>Н. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tabachkova</surname><given-names>N. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Табачкова Наталия Юрьевна2 — кандидат физ.−мат. наук, доцент.</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>4 Leninsky Prospekt, Moscow 119049.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ntabachkova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт общей физики им. А.М. Прохорова РАН.<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Prokhorov General Physics Institute RAS.<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт общей физики им. А.М. Прохорова РАН;  Национальный исследовательский технологический университет «МИСиС».<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Prokhorov General Physics Institute RAS; National University of Science and Technology MISiS.<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский технологический университет «МИСиС».<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">National University of Science and Technology MISiS.<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский Мордовский государственный университет им. Н. П. Огарева.<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Ogarev Mordovia State University.<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт общей физики им. А.М. Прохорова РАН.<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">1Prokhorov General Physics Institute RAS.<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>03</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>170</fpage><lpage>178</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Борик М.А., Боричевский В.Р., Бублик В.Т., Волкова Т.В., Кулебякин А.В., Ломонова Е.Е., Милович Ф.О., Мызина В.А., Рябочкина П.А., Серяков С.В., Табачкова Н.Ю., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Борик М.А., Боричевский В.Р., Бублик В.Т., Волкова Т.В., Кулебякин А.В., Ломонова Е.Е., Милович Ф.О., Мызина В.А., Рябочкина П.А., Серяков С.В., Табачкова Н.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Borik M.A., Borichevskij V.R., Bublik V.T., Volkova T.V., Kulebyakin A.V., Lomonova E.E., Milovich F.O., Myzina V.A., Ryabochkina P.A., Seryakov S.V., Tabachkova N.Y.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://met.misis.ru/jour/article/view/235">https://met.misis.ru/jour/article/view/235</self-uri><abstract><p>Исследована анизотропия механических характеристик кристаллов твердых растворов ZrO2 — 2,8 % (мол.) Y2O3. Кристаллы выращены методом направленной кристаллизации расплава с использованием прямого высокочастотного нагрева. Методом индентирования проведены измерения микротвердости и трещиностойкости на разных кристаллографических гранях и при разной ориентации диагоналей индентора. Установлено, что микротвердость слабо зависит от кристаллографической ориентации, в то время как значения трещиностойкости для разных плоскостей отличаются. Максимальные значения трещиностойкости отмечены на образце, вырезанном из кристалла перпендикулярно к направлению &lt;100&gt;. Исследована анизотропия микротвердости в зависимости от ориентации диагоналей индентора. Максимальное значение трещиностойкости получено на плоскости {100} при ориентации диагоналей индентора в направлении &lt;100&gt;. Методом локальной спектроскопии комбинационного рассеяния света исследован фазовый состав внутри и вокруг отпечатков индентора на плоскостях {100}, {110} и {111} при нагрузках 20, 3 и 1 Н. Выполнена оценка степени интенсивности тетрагонально− моноклинного перехода на разных кристаллографических плоскостях и при разной ориентации диагоналей индентора. Показано, что наблюдается анизотропия тетрагонально−моноклинного перехода, влияющего на трансформационный механизм упрочнения. Максимальное количество моноклинной фазы обнаружено в области отпечатка индентора на плоскости {100}, при ориентации диагоналей индентора в направлении &lt;100&gt;. Также максимальное значение трещиностойкости реализуется на плоскости {100} при такой же ориентации диагоналей индентора. Возможно, что при данной ориентации диагоналей индентора максимальные действующие напряжения получаются вдоль когерентных плоскостей сопряжения тетрагональной и моноклинной фазы: при тетрагонально−моноклинном переходе — (100)t || (100)m и [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit001">001</xref>]t || [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit010">010</xref>]m.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Abstract. The anisotropy of the mechanical properties of single crystal ZrO2 — 2.8 mol.% Y2O3 solid solutions has been studied. The crystals have been grown by skull melting technique. The microhardness and fracture toughness have been tested for different crystallographic planes by indentation with different indenter diagonal orientations. The study shows that the microhardness of the material depends on the crystallographic orientation but slightly whereas the fracture toughness varies for different planes. The maximum fracture toughness has been observed in the crystal specimen cut laterally to the &lt;100&gt; orientation. We have studied the anisotropy of the microhardness in the material for different indenter diagonal orientations. The maximum fracture toughness has been obtained for the {100} plane and the &lt;100&gt; indenter diagonal orientation. The phase composition inside and outside the indents on the {100}, {110} and {111} surfaces for 20, 3 and 1 N loads has been studied in local areas using Raman spectroscopy. The degree of the tetragonal−monoclinic transition has been evaluated for different crystallographic planes and different indenter diagonal orientations. The tetragonal−monoclinic transition proves to be anisotropic, and this affects the transformation hardening mechanism. The maximum amount of the monoclinic phase is present in the vicinity of the indent in the {100} plane for the &lt;100&gt; indenter diagonal orientation. The highest fraction toughness has also been observed in the {100} plane for the &lt;100&gt; indenter diagonal orientation. Probably, the abovementioned indenter diagonal orientation provides for the maximum stress concentration along the coherent conjugation planes between the tetragonal and the monoclinic phases during the tetragonal−monoclinic transition, i.e. (100)t||(100)m and [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit001">001</xref>]t||[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit010">010</xref>]m.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>диоксид циркония</kwd><kwd>материалы высокой прочности</kwd><kwd>рост кристаллов</kwd><kwd>микротвердость</kwd><kwd>вязкость разрушения</kwd><kwd>анизотропия</kwd><kwd>локальный фазовый анализ</kwd><kwd>трансформационный механизм упрочнения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>zirconia</kwd><kwd>high strength materials</kwd><kwd>crystal growth</kwd><kwd>microhardness</kwd><kwd>fracture toughness</kwd><kwd>anisotropy</kwd><kwd>local phase analysis</kwd><kwd>transformation hardening mechanism</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zebarjadi, M. Perspectives on thermoelectrics: from fundamentals to device applications / M. Zebarjadi, K. Esfarjani, M. S. Dresselhaus, Z. F. Ren, G. Chen // Energy and Environmental Science. − 2012. − V. 5. − P. 5147—5162. DOI: 10.1039/C1EE02497C</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zebarjadi M., Esfarjani K., Dresselhaus M. S., Ren Z. F., Chen G. Perspectives on thermoelectrics: from fundamentals to device applications. Energy and Environmental Sci., 2012, vol. 5, pp. 5147—5162. DOI: 10.1039/C1EE02497C</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гогоци, Г. А. Изучение механических характеристик монокристаллов диоксида циркония, предназначенных для конструкционых применений / Г. А. Гогоци, Е. Е. Ломонова, В. В. Осико // Огнеупоры. − 1991. − № 8. − С. 14—17.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gogotsi G. A., Lomonova E. E., Osiko V. V. Study of the mechanical characteristics of single crystals of zirconia, intended for structural applications. Ogneupory, 1991, no. 8, pp. 14—17. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ingel, R. P. Elastic Anisopropy in zirconia single crystals / R. P. Ingel, D. Lewis III // J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. − 1988. − V. 71, N 4. − P. 265—271. DOI: 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1988.tb05858.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ingel R. P., Lewis (III) D. Elastic Anisopropy in zirconia single crystals. J. Amer. Ceram. Soc., 1988, vol. 71, no. 4, pp. 265—271. DOI: 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1988.tb05858.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bolon, A. M. Raman spectroscopic observations of ferroelastic switching in ceria−stabilized zirconia / A. M. Bolon, M. M. Gentleman // J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. − 2011. − V. 94, N 12. − P. 4478—4482. DOI: 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2011.04737.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bolon A. M., Gentleman M. M.  Raman spectroscopic observations of ferroelastic switching in ceria−stabilized zirconia. J. Amer. Ceram. Soc., 2011, vol. 94, no. 12, pp. 4478—4482. DOI: 10.1111/j.15512916.2011.04737.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mercer, C. On a ferroelastic mechanism governing the toughness of metastable tetragonal−prime (t′) yttria−stabilized zirconia / C. Mercer, J. R. Williams, D. R. Clarke, A. G. Evans // Proc. Royal Soc. A. − 2007. − V. 463. − P. 1393—1408. DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2007.1829</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mercer C., Williams J. R., Clarke D. R., Evans A. G. On a ferroelastic mechanism governing the toughness of metastable tetragonal−prime (t′) yttria−stabilized zirconia. Proc. Royal Soc. A, 2007, vol. 463, pp. 1393—1408. DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2007.1829</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Virkar, A. V. Pole of ferroelasticity in toughening of zirconia ceramics / A. V. Virkar // Key Engineering Materials Vols. − 1998. − V. 153–154. − P. 183—210. DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.153-154.183</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Virkar A. V. Pole of ferroelasticity in toughening of zirconia ceramics. Key Engineering Materials Vols., 1998, vol. 153–154, pp. 183—210. DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.153-154.183</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gaillard, Y. Nanoindentation of yttria−doped zirconia: Effect of crystallographic structure on deformation mechanisms / Y. Gaillard, M. Anglada, E. Jimenez−Piquea // J. Mater. Res. − 2009. − V. 24, iss. 3. − P. 719—727. DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2009.0091</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gaillard Y., Anglada M., Jimenez−Piquea E. Nanoindentation of yttria−doped zirconia: Effect of crystallographic structure on deformation mechanisms. J. Mater. Res., 2009, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 719—727. DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2009.0091</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hannink, R. H. J. Transformation toughening in zirconia− containing ceramics / R. H. J. Hannink, P. M. Kelly, B. C. Muddle / J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. − 2000. − V. 83, N 3. − P. 461—487. DOI: 10.1111/j.1151-2916.2000.tb01221.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hannink R. H. J., Kelly P. M., Muddle B. C. Transformation toughening in zirconia−containing ceramics. J. Amer. Ceram. Soc., 2000, vol. 83, no. 3, pp. 461—487. DOI: 10.1111/j.1151-2916.2000. tb01221.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chevalier, J. The tetragonal−monoclinic transformation in zirconia: Lessons learned and future trends / J. Chevalier, L. Gremillardw, A. V. Virkar, D. R. Clarke // J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. − 2009. − V. 92, N 9. − P. 1901—1920. DOI: 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2009.03278.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chevalier J., Gremillardw L., Virkar A. V., Clarke D. R. The tetragonal−monoclinic transformation in zirconia: Lessons learned and future trends. J. Amer. Ceram. Soc., 2009, vol. 92, no. 9, pp. 1901— 1920. DOI: 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2009.03278.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Martinez−Fernandez, J. Microindentation−Induced Transformation in 3.5−mol%−yttria−partially−stabilized zirconia single crystals / J. Martinez−Fernandez, M. Jimenez−Melendo, A. Dominguez−Rodriguez, A. H. Heuer // J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. − 1991. − V. 75, N 5. − P. 1071—1081. DOI: 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1991.tb04345.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martinez−Fernandez J., Jimenez−Melendo M., Dominguez− Rodriguez A., Heuer A. H. Microindentation−Induced Transfor mation in 3.5−mol%−yttria−partially−stabilized zirconia single crystals. J. Amer. Ceram. Soc., 1991, vol. 75, no. 5, pp. 1071—1081. DOI: 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1991.tb04345.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morscher, G. N. Temperature Dependence of Hardness in yttria−stabilized zirconia single crystals / G. N. Morscher, P. Pirouz, A. H. Heuer // J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. − 1991. − V. 74, N 3. − P. 491—500. DOI: 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1991.tb04049.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morscher G. N., Pirouz P., Heuer A. H.  Temperature Dependence of Hardness in yttria−stabilized zirconia single crystals. J. Amer. Ceram. Soc., 1991, vol. 74, no. 3, pp. 491—500. DOI: 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1991.tb04049.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Otsuka, K. Effects of dislocations on the oxygen ionic conduction in yttria stabilized zirconia / K. Otsuka, K. Matsunaga, A. Nakamura, S. Ii, A. Kuwabara, T. Yamamoto, Y. Ikuhara // Materials Transactions. − 2004. − V. 45, N 7. − P. 2042—2047. DOI: 10.2320/matertrans.45.2042</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Otsuka K., Matsunaga K., Nakamura A., Ii S., Kuwabara A., Yamamoto T., Ikuhara Y. effects of dislocations on the oxygen ionic conduction in yttria stabilized zirconia. Materials Transactions, 2004, vol. 45, no. 7, pp. 2042—2047. DOI: 10.2320/matertrans.45.2042</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фролов, К. В. Исследование механических и трибологических свойств нанокристаллического материала нового поколения на основе диоксида циркония / К. В. Фролов, В. В. Осико, В. В. Алисин, М. А. Вишнякова, З. В. Игнатьева, Е. Е. Ломонова, А. Ф. Мельшанов, Г. В. Москвитин, В. Г. Павлов, М. С. Пугачев // Проблемы машиностроения и надежности машин. − 2006. − № 4. − C. 3—8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Frolov K. V., Osiko V. V., Alisin V. V., Vishnyakova M. A., Ignateva Z. V., Lomonova E. E., Melshanov A. F., Moskvitin G. V., Pavlov V. G., Pugachev M. S. Investigation of the mechanical and tribological properties of a new generation of nanocrystalline material based on zirconia. Problemy Mashinostroeniya i Nadezhnosti Mashin = Journal of Machinery Manufacture and Reliability, 2006, no. 4, pp. 3—8. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saiki, A. SEM observation of the stress−induced transformation by Vickers indentation in Y−PSZ crystals / A. Saiki, N. Ishizawa, N. Mizutani, M. Kato // J. Ceram. Soc. Jpn. − 1989. − V. 97, N 1. − P. 43—48. DOI: 10.2109/jcersj.97.43</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saiki A., Ishizawa N., Mizutani N., Kato M. SEM observation of the stress−induced transformation by Vickers indentation in Y−PSZ crystals. J. Ceram. Soc. Jpn., 1989, vol. 97, no. 1, pp. 43—48. DOI: 10.2109/jcersj.97.43</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gogotsi, G. Indentation fracture of Y2O3−partially stabilized ZrO2 crystals / G. Gogotsi, D. Ostrovoy / J. Mater. Sci. Lett. − 1995. − V. 14, iss. 20. − P. 1406—1409. DOI: 10.1007/BF00462198</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gogotsi G., Ostrovoy D. Indentation fracture of Y2O3−partially stabilized ZrO2 crystals. J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 1995, vol. 14, no. 20, pp. 1406—1409. DOI: 10.1007/BF00462198</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Muñoz, A. High temperature plastic anisotropy of Y2O3 partially stabilized ZrO2 single crystals / A. Muñoz, D. Gómez García, A. Domínguez−Rodríguez, F. Wakai // J. Europ. Ceram. Soc. − 2002. − V. 22, iss. 1. − P. 2609—2613. DOI: 10.1016/S0955-2219(02)00123-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Muñoz A., Gómez Garcı́a D., Domı́nguez−Rodrı́guez A., Wakai F. High temperature plastic anisotropy of Y2O3 partially stabilized ZrO2 single crystals. J. Europ. Ceram. Soc., 2002, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 2609—2613. DOI: 10.1016/S0955-2219(02)00123-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baither, D. Ferroelastic and plastic deformation of t’−zirconia single crystals / D. Baither, M. Bartsch, B. Baufeld, A. Tikhonovsky, A. Foitzik, M. Ruhle, U. Messerschmidt // J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. − 2001. − V. 84, N 8. − P. 1755—1762. DOI: 10.1111/j.11512916.2001.tb00911.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baither D., Bartsch M., Baufeld B., Tikhonovsky A., Foitzik A., Ruhle M., Messerschmidt U.  ferroelastic and plastic deformation of t’−zirconia single crystals. J. Amer. Ceram. Soc., 2001, vol. 84, no. 8, pp. 1755—1762. DOI: 10.1111/j.1151-2916.2001.tb00911.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Borik, M. A. Phase composition, structure and mechanical properties of PSZ (partially stabilized zirconia) crystals as a function of stabilizing impurity content / M. A. Borik, V. T. Bublik, A. V. Kulebyakin, E. E. Lomonova, F. O. Milovich, V. A. Myzina, V. V. Osiko, N. Yu. Tabachkova // J. Alloys and Compounds. − 2014. − V. 586. − P. 231—235. DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.01.126</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borik M. A., Bublik V. T., Kulebyakin A. V., Lomonova E. E., Milovich F. O., Myzina V. A., Osiko V. V., Tabachkova N. Yu. Phase composition, structure and mechanical properties of PSZ (partially stabilized zirconia) crystals as a function of stabilizing impurity content. J. Alloys and Compounds, 2014, vol. 586, pp. 231—235. DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.01.126</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Borik, M. A. Change in the phase composition, structure and mechanical properties of directed melt crystallised partially stabilised zirconia crystals depending on the concentration of Y2O3 / M. A. Borik, V. T. Bublik, A. V. Kulebyakin, E. E. Lomonova, F. O. Milovich, V. A. Myzina, V. V. Osiko, S. V. Seryakov, N. Y. Tabachkova // J. Europ. Ceram. Soc. − 2015. − V. 35, N 6. − P. 1889—1894. DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2014.12.012</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borik M. A., Bublik V. T., Kulebyakin A. V., Lomonova E. E., Milovich F. O., Myzina V. A., Osiko V. V., Seryakov S. V., Tabachkova N. Y. Change in the phase composition, structure and mechanical properties of directed melt crystallised partially stabilised zirconia crystals depending on the concentration of Y2O3. J. Europ. Ceram. Soc., 2015, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 1889—1894. DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2014.12.012</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Osiko, V. V. Synthesis of refractory materials by skull melting technique / V. V. Osiko, M. A. Borik, E. E. Lomonova // Springer Handbook of Crystal Growth. − Berlin; Heidelberg: Springer−Verlag, 2010. − Pt. B. − P. 433—477. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-74761-1_14</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Osiko V. V., Borik M. A., Lomonova E. E. Synthesis of refractory materials by skull melting technique. Handbook of Crystal Growth. Berlin; Heidelberg: Springer−Verlag, 2010. Pt. B, pp. 433— 477. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-74761-1_14</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alisin, V. V. Zirconia−bazed nanocrystalline synthesized by directional crystallization from the melt / V. V. Alisin, M. A. Borik, E. E. Lomonova, A. F. Melshanov, G. V. Moskvitin, V. V. Osiko, V. A. Panov, V. G. Pavlov, M. A. Vishnjakova // Mater. Sci. Eng.: C. − 2005. − V. 25. − P. 577—583. DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2005.07.003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alisin V. V., Borik M. A., Lomonova E. E., Melshanov A. F., Moskvitin G. V., Osiko V. V., Panov V. A., Pavlov V. G., Vishnjakova M. A. Zirconia−bazed nanocrystalline synthesized by directional crystallization from the melt. Mater. Sci. Eng.: C, 2005, vol. 25, pp. 577—583. DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2005.07.003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Борик, М. А. Особенности методики исследования кристаллов частично стабилизированного диоксида циркония / М. А. Борик, В. Т. Бублик, А. В. Кулебякин, Е. Е. Ломонова, В. А. Мызина, Ф. О. Милович, Н. Ю. Табачкова // Заводская лаборатория. Диагностика материалов. − 2012. − Т. 78, № 7. − С. 26—30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borik M. A., Bublik V. T., Kulebyakin A. V., Lomonova E. E., Myzina V. A., Milovich F. O., Tabachkova N. Y. Methodological features of studying partially stabilized zirconia crystals. Zavodskaya Laboratoriya. Diagnostika Materialov = Industrial Laboratory. Materials Diagnostics, 2012, vol. 78, no. 7, pp. 26—30. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oliver, W. C. An improved technique for determining hardness and elastic modulus using load and displacement sensing indentation experiments / W. C. Oliver, G. M. Pharr // J. Mater. Res. − 1992. − V. 7, N 6. − P. 1564—1583. DOI: 10.1557/JMR.1992.1564</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oliver W. C., Pharr G. M. An improved technique for determining hardness and elastic modulus using load and displacement sensing indentation experiments. J. Mater. Res., 1992, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 1564—1583. DOI: 10.1557/JMR.1992.1564</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jang, B.−K. Influence of low indentation load on Young’s modulus and hardness of 4 mol% Y2O3–ZrO2 by nanoindentation / B.−K. Jang // J. Alloys and Compounds. − 2006. − V. 426, iss. 1–2. − P. 312—315. DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2006.01.086</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jang B.−K. Influence of low indentation load on Young’s modulus and hardness of 4 mol% Y2O3–ZrO2 by nanoindentation. J. Alloys and Compounds, 2006, vol. 426, no. 1–2, pp. 312—315. DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2006.01.086</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Deville, S. Atomic force microscopy study and qualitative analysis of martensite relief in zirconia / S. Deville, J. Chevalier, H. Attaoui // J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. − 2005. − V. 88, N 5. − P. 1261—1267. DOI: 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00174.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Deville S., Chevalier J., Attaoui H. Atomic force microscopy study and qualitative analysis of martensite relief in zirconia. J. Amer. Ceram. Soc., 2005, vol. 88, no. 5, pp. 1261—1267. DOI: 10.1111/j.15512916.2005.00174.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
