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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mateltech</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Материалы электронной техники</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii. Materialy Elektronnoi Tekhniki = Materials of Electronics Engineering</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1609-3577</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-6387</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MISIS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/1609-3577-2018-1-54-62</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mateltech-317</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Физические свойства и методы исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND THEIR STUDY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Нелокальная дисперсия и ультразвуковое туннелирование в материалах с градиентной структурой</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Non-local dispersion and ultrasonic tunneling in concentrationally graded solids</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шварцбург</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shvartsburg</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шварцбург Александр Борисович`— доктор физико-математических наук </p><p>ул. Ижорская, д. 13/2, Москва, 127412; ул. Профсоюзная, д. 84/32, Москва, 117997</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander B. Shvartsburg: Dr. Sci. (Phys.-Math.)</p><p>13/2 Izhorskaya Str., Moscow 127412; 84/32 Profsouznaya Str., Moscow 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alex-s-49@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малинкович</surname><given-names>М. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malinkovich</surname><given-names>M. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Малинкович Михаил Давыдович— кандидат  физико-математических наук, доцент </p><p>Ленинский просп., д. 4, Москва, 119049</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail D. Malinkovich — Cand. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Associate Professor </p><p>4 Leninsky Prospekt, Moscow 119049</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">malinkovich@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кислюк</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kislyuk</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кислюк Александр Михайлович — магистрант </p><p>Ленинский просп., д. 4, Москва, 119049</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander M. Kislyuk: Master Student </p><p>4 Leninsky Prospekt, Moscow 119049</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Объединенный институт высоких температур Российской академии наук; &#13;
Институт космических исследований Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Joint Institute for High Temperatures Russian Academy of Sciences; &#13;
Space Researches Institute Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский технологический университет «МИСиС»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National University of Science and Technology MISiS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>06</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>54</fpage><lpage>62</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шварцбург А.Б., Малинкович М.Д., Кислюк А.М., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шварцбург А.Б., Малинкович М.Д., Кислюк А.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shvartsburg A.B., Malinkovich M.D., Kislyuk A.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://met.misis.ru/jour/article/view/317">https://met.misis.ru/jour/article/view/317</self-uri><abstract><p>Показано, что в материалах с пространственным распределением (градиентом) плотности и/или упругости имеет место нелокальная дисперсия продольных ультразвуковых волн. Эта дисперсия приводит к возникновению ультразвуковых спектров, таких как широкодиапазонное плато полного отражения, туннельные спектральные области и области полного пропускания. В рамках точно решаемых моделей сред с непрерывно распределенными плотностью и упругостью исследованы ультразвуковые волны в градиентных материалах, сформированные интерференцией прямых и обратных волн, а также затухающими и незатухающими модами. Приведены примеры спектров пропускания как для металлических, так и для полупроводниковых градиентных структур, а также рассмотрена общая концепция искусственной нелокальной дисперсии для градиентных композитных материалов. Необходимо заметить, что волновое уравнение для акустических волн в градиентных средах с постоянным модулем упругости и определенным заданным распределением плотности сводится к уравнению, описывающему распространение электромагнитных волн в прозрачных диэлектрических средах. Это формальное сходство свидетельствует о том, что концепция нелокальной дисперсии является общей как для оптических, так и для акустических явлений, что позволяет напрямую использовать разработанные для градиентной оптики физические принципы и точные математические решения при реализации соответствующих акустических задач.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The non-local dispersion of longitudinal ultrasonic waves is shown to appear in the heterogeneous solids due to continuous spatial distributions of their density and/or elasticity (gradient solids). This dispersion gives rise to the diversity of ultrasonic transmittance spectra, including the broadband total reflectance plateau, total transmission and tunneling spectral ranges. The ultrasonic wave fields in gradient solids, formed by interference of forward and backward travelling waves as well as by evanescent and antievanescent modes are examined in the framework of exactly solvable models of media with continuously distributed density and elasticity. Examples of transmittance spectra for both metal and semiconductor gradient structures are presented, and the generality of concept of artificial non-local dispersion for gradient composite materials is considered. It should also be noted that the wave equation for acoustic waves in gradient media with a constant elasticity modulus and a certain predetermined density distribution reduces to an equation describing the electromagnetic wave propagation in transparent dielectric media. This formal similarity shows that the concept of nonlocal dispersion is common for both optical and acoustic phenomena, which opens the way to the direct use of physical concepts and exact mathematical solutions, developed for gradient optics, to solve the corresponding acoustic problems.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>градиентные материалы</kwd><kwd>нелокальная дисперсия</kwd><kwd>пространственные распределения плотности и/или упругости</kwd><kwd>распространение ультразвуковых волн</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gradient solids</kwd><kwd>nonlocal dispersion</kwd><kwd>spatial distributions of density and/or elasticity</kwd><kwd>ultrasound propagation</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторы выражают признательность за чрезвычайно полезные обсуждения профессорам Н. Энгете и О. Руденко.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">We appreciate the valuable discussions with Prof. N. Engheta and Prof. O. 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