<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mateltech</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Материалы электронной техники</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii. Materialy Elektronnoi Tekhniki = Materials of Electronics Engineering</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1609-3577</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-6387</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MISIS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/1609-3577j.met202406.596</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mateltech-596</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Физические свойства и методы исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND THEIR STUDY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Формирование смешанного источника эпитепловых нейтронов и сканирующего пучка протонов на КПТ «Прометеус» для лечения опухолей в режиме флэш-терапии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Formation of a mixed source of epithelial neutrons and a scanning proton beam at Prometheus CРT for the treatment of tumors in flash therapy mode</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сиксин</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Siksin</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ленинский просп., д. 53, Москва, 119991</p><p>Сиксин Виктор Валентинович — канд. физ.-мат. наук, старший научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>53 Leninsky Ave., Moscow 119991</p><p>Viktor V. Siksin — Cand. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Senior Researcher</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">antktech@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щеголев</surname><given-names>И. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchegolev</surname><given-names>I. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Октябрьская, д. 78, Сафоново, Смоленская обл., 215500</p><p>Щеголев И.Ю. — зам. главного химика – начальника ЦЗЛ по исследовательским работам</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>78 Oktyabrskaya Str., Safonovo, Smolensk Region 215500</p><p>Igor Yu. Shchegolev — Head of the TSL Product Quality Research Sector</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">antktech@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Физический институт имени П.Н. Лебедева Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>АО “Авангард”</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Avangard JSC</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>358</fpage><lpage>368</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сиксин В.В., Щеголев И.Ю., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сиксин В.В., Щеголев И.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Siksin V.V., Shchegolev I.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://met.misis.ru/jour/article/view/596">https://met.misis.ru/jour/article/view/596</self-uri><abstract><p>На медицинском ускорителе «Прометеус» был сконструирован замедленных нейтронов и сканирующий высокоинтенсивный карандашный пучок протонов для облучения опухоли в режиме флэш-терапии дозой 50—70 Гр. Для получения быстрых нейтронов, а затем замедленных применялась нейтронообразующая мишень. Специальная конструкция нейтронопроизводящей мишени позволяла за несколько импульсов ускорителя облучать внешнюю поверхность опухоли сканирующими спотами протонов и одновременно всю область опухоли замедленными нейтронами. Применяя разработанные новые композиты для защиты от нейтронов, был сконструирован канал смешанного пучка – замедленных нейтронов и сканирующих протонных спотов. С помощью ионизационной падовой камеры на «теплой жидкости» измерены профили мощности эквивалентной дозы на выходе канала для нейтронной компоненты канала. Карандашный протонный пучок, сканируя всю внешнюю поверхность опухоли и последовательно изменяя глубину сканирования, должен разрушить поверхностные кровеносные сосуды на внешней поверхности опухоли. Нейтронный источник за один импульс ускорителя одновременно с протонами облучает всю внутреннюю область опухоли и усиливает общую дозовую составляющую при облучении опухоли. Предложено усилить действие сканирующего по поверхности опухоли протонного пучка за счет дополнительного дозообразования от радиосенсибилизаторов на основе наночастиц золота.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>On a medical accelerator “Prometheus“ at an energy of 200 MeV, a mixed secondary beam of delayed neutrons and a scanning high-intensity pencil beam of protons were designed to irradiate the tumor in flash therapy mode with a dose of 50–70 Gray. A neutron-forming target was used to produce fast neutrons and then delayed neutrons. The special design of the neutron-producing target allowed for several pulses of the accelerator to irradiate the outer surface of the tumor with scanning spots of protons and simultaneously irradiate the entire tumor area with delayed neutrons. Using the developed new composites for neutron protection, a mixed beam channel was constructed: delayed neutrons and scanning proton spots. The power profiles of the equivalent dose at the outlet of the channel for the neutron component of the channel were measured using an ionization pad chamber on a “warm liquid”. The pencil proton beam, scanning the entire outer surface of the tumor and sequentially changing the scanning depth, should destroy the superficial blood vessels on the outer surface of the tumor. The average radiation dose per session should be 50–70 Gray. A neutron beam simultaneously with protons during a flash therapy session irradiates the entire tumor area and has a combined value, working in the mode of the neutron capture dose-forming component of this treatment method, in the presence of the introduction of the desired sensitizer. It is proposed to enhance the effect of a proton beam scanning the tumor surface, due to additional dose generation from radio sensitizers based on nano-gold particles.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>композитный наносфеопластик</kwd><kwd>комбинированная протонная и нейтронная флэш-терапия</kwd><kwd>наночастицы золота</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>composite nano-spheroplastic</kwd><kwd>combined proton and neutron flash therapy</kwd><kwd>nano-particles of gold</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Минобрнауки России в рамках Соглашения № 075-15-202.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out with the financial support of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia under Agreement No. 075-15-202.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пат. (РФ) № 2808930 МПК A61N5/10 G21C5/02 G21K1/02. Сиксин В.В., Рябов В.А., Завестовская И.Н. Устройство для формирования пучка нейтронов на протонном ускорителе комплекса «Прометеус». Заявл.: 05.12.2023; опубл. 05.12.2023. Режим доступа: https://patenton.ru/patent/RU2808930C1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pat. (RU) No. 2808930 IPC A61N5/10 G21C5/02 G21K1/02. Siksin V.V., Ryabov V.A., Zavestovskaya I.N. Device for forming a neutron beam at the proton accelerator of the Prometheus complex. Appl.: 05.12.2023; publ. 05.12.2023. Avaliable at: https://patenton.ru/patent/RU2808930C1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Butterworth K.T., McMahon S.J., Currell F.J., Prise K.M. Physical basis and biological mechanisms of gold nanoparticle radiosensitization. Nanoscale. 2012; 4(16): 4830. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2nr31227a</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Butterworth K.T., McMahon S.J., Currell F.J., Prise K.M. Physical basis and biological mechanisms of gold nanoparticle radiosensitization. Nanoscale. 2012; 4(16): 4830. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2nr31227a</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hubbell J.H., Seltzer S.M. Tables of X-ray mass attenuation coefficients and mass energy-absorption coefficients from 1 keV to 20 MeV for elements Z = 1 to 92 and 48 additional substances of dosimetric interest. National Bureau of Standards; 1995. 111 p. https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.5632</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hubbell J.H., Seltzer S.M. Tables of X-ray mass attenuation coefficients and mass energy-absorption coefficients from 1 keV to 20 MeV for elements Z = 1 to 92 and 48 additional substances of dosimetric interest. National Bureau of Standards; 1995. 111 p. https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.5632</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cui L., Her S., Borst G.R., Bristow R.G., Jaffray D.A., Allen Ch. Radiosensitization by gold nanoparticles: will they ever makeit to the clinic? Radiotherapy and Oncology. 2017; 124(3): 344—356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radonc.2017.07.007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cui L., Her S., Borst G.R., Bristow R.G., Jaffray D.A., Allen Ch. Radiosensitization by gold nanoparticles: will they ever makeit to the clinic? Radiotherapy and Oncology. 2017; 124(3): 344—356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radonc.2017.07.007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gerosa C., Crisponi G., Nurchi V.M., Saba L., Cappai R., Cau F., Faa G., Van Eyken P., Scartozzi M., Floris G., Fanni D. Gold nanoparticles: a new golden era in oncology? Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2020; 13(8): 192. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph13080192</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gerosa C., Crisponi G., Nurchi V.M., Saba L., Cappai R., Cau F., Faa G., Van Eyken P., Scartozzi M., Floris G., Fanni D. Gold nanoparticles: a new golden era in oncology? Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2020; 13(8): 192. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph13080192</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jain S., Hirst D.G., O’Sullivan J.M. Gold nanoparticles as novel agents for cancer therapy. The British Journal of Radiology. 2012; 85(1010): 101—103. https://doi.org/10.1259/bjr/59448833</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jain S., Hirst D.G., O’Sullivan J.M. Gold nanoparticles as novel agents for cancer therapy. The British Journal of Radiology. 2012; 85(1010): 101—103. https://doi.org/10.1259/bjr/59448833</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen Y., Yang J., Fu S., Wu J. Gold nanoparticles as radiosensitizers in cancer radiotherapy. International Journal of Nanomedicine. 2020; 15: 9407—9430. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S272902</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen Y., Yang J., Fu S., Wu J. Gold nanoparticles as radiosensitizers in cancer radiotherapy. International Journal of Nanomedicine. 2020; 15: 9407—9430. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S272902</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Torrisi L. Physical aspects of gold nanoparticles as cancer killer therapy. Indian Journal of Physics. 2021; 95: 225—234. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12648-019-01679-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Torrisi L. Physical aspects of gold nanoparticles as cancer killer therapy. Indian Journal of Physics. 2021; 95: 225—234. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12648-019-01679-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Penninckx S., Heuskin A.C., Michiels C., Lucas S. Gold nanoparticles as a potent radiosensitizer: а transdisciplinary approach from physics to patient. Cancers. 2020; 12(8): 1—36. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12082021</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Penninckx S., Heuskin A.C., Michiels C., Lucas S. Gold nanoparticles as a potent radiosensitizer: а transdisciplinary approach from physics to patient. Cancers. 2020; 12(8): 1—36. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12082021</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuncic Z., Lacombe S. Nanoparticle radio-enhancement: principles, progress and application to cancer treatment. Physics in Medicine and Biology. 2018; 63(2): 02tr1. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/aa99ce</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuncic Z., Lacombe S. Nanoparticle radio-enhancement: principles, progress and application to cancer treatment. Physics in Medicine and Biology. 2018;63(2):02tr1. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/aa99ce</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Verkhovtsev A., Korol A.V., Solov’yov A.V. Irradiation-induced processes with atomic clusters and nanoparticles. In: Solov’yov A.V. (ed.). Nanoscale insights into ion-beam cancer therapy. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2017. P. 237—276.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Verkhovtsev A., Korol A.V., Solov’yov A.V. Irradiation-induced processes with atomic clusters and nanoparticles. In: Solov’yov A.V. (ed.). Nanoscale insights into ion-beam cancer therapy. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2017. P. 237—276.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peukert D., Kempson I., Douglass M., Bezak E. Metallic nanoparticle radiosensitisation of ion radiotherapy: a review. Physica Medica. 2018; 47: 121—128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.03.004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peukert D., Kempson I., Douglass M., Bezak E. Metallic nanoparticle radiosensitisation of ion radiotherapy: a review. Physica Medica. 2018; 47: 121—128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.03.004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бушманов А.Ю., Шейно И.Н., Липенгольц А.А., Соловьев А.Н., Корякин С.Н. Перспективы применения комбинированных технологий в протонной терапии злокачественных новообразований. Медицинская радиология и радиационная безопасность. 2019; 64(3): 11—18. https://doi.org/10.12737/article_5cf237bf846b67.57514871</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bushmanov Y., Sheino I.N., Lipengolts A.A., Solovyov A.N., Koryakin S.N. Prospects of proton therapy combined technologies in the treatment of cancer. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2019; 64(3): 11—18. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.12737/article_5cf237bf846b67.57514871</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Walzlein C., Scifoni E., Kramer M., Durante M. Simulations of dose enhancement for heavy atom nanoparticles irradiated by protons. Physics in Medicine and Biology. 2014; 59(6): 1441—1458. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/59/6/1441</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Walzlein C., Scifoni E., Kramer M., Durante M. Simulations of dose enhancement for heavy atom nanoparticles irradiated by protons. Physics in Medicine and Biology. 2014; 59(6): 1441—1458. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031- 9155/59/6/1441</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пат. (РФ) № 2695273 МПК A61N 5/10. Балакин В.E.,Балакин П.В. Способ протонной терапии при лечении онкологических заболеваний. Заявл.: 13.06.2018; опубл. 22.07.2019. Режим доступа: https://yandex.ru/patents/doc/RU2695273C1_20190722</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pat. (RU) No 2695273 IPC A61N 5/10. Balakin V.E.,Balakin P.V. Proton therapy method in treating oncological diseases. Appl.: 13.06.2018; publ. 22.07.2019. Avaliable at: https://yandex.ru/patents/doc/RU2695273C1_20190722</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Малютин Е.В., Сиксин В.В., Шемяков А.Е., Щеголев И.Ю. Защитные свойства материала ПОВ-40 в условиях облучения вторичными нейтронами и гамма-квантами. Медицинская физика. 2019; (4(84)): 75—79.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malutin E.V., Siksin V.V., Shemyakov A.E., Sgegolev I.Ju. Protective properties of the РОV-40 material under conditions of irradiation with secondary neutrons and gamma rays. Meditsinskaya fizika = Medical Physics. 2019; (4(84)): 75–79. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пат. (РФ) № 2712044 МПК C08G 18/58, C08G 59/14, B32B 27/38. Щеголев И.Ю., Емельянов В.М. Эпоксиуретановое связующее с увеличенной огнестойкостью, тепло- и термостойкостью. Заявл.: 22.08.2019; опубл.: 24.01.2020. Режим доступа: https://yandex.ru/patents/doc/RU2712044C1_20200124</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pat. (RU) No 2712044 IPC C08G 18/58, C08G 59/14, B32B 27/38. Shchegolev I.Yu., Yemelyanov V.M. Epoxy-urethane binder with increased fire-resistance, heat and thermo-resistance. Appl.: 22.08.2019; publ. 24.01.2020. Avaliable at: https://yandex.ru/patents/doc/RU2712044C1_20200124</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бормотов А.Н., Прошин А.П., Баженов Ю.М., Данилов А.М., Соколова Ю.А. Полимерные композиционные материалы для защиты от радиации. М.: Палеотип; 2006. С. 26. 272 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bormotov A.N., Proshin A.P., Bazhenov Yu.M., Danilov A.M., Sokolova Yu.A., Polymer composite materials for radiation protection. Moscow: Paleotip; 2006. 272 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Милинчук В.К. Радиационная химия. Соросовский Образовательный Журнал. 2000; 6(4): 24—29.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Milinchuk V.K. Radiation chemistry. Sorosovskii Obrazovatel'nyi Zhurnal = Soros Educational Journal. 2000; 6(4): 24—29. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сиксин В.В. Пилотная установка по очистке «теплой жидкости» тетраметилсилана и проведения «неускорительных экспериментов». Известия высших учебных заведений. Материалы электронной техники. 2019; 22(2): 118—127. https://doi.org/10.17073/1609-3577-2019-2-118-127</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Siksin V.V. Pilot installation for the purificationof the “warm liquid” of tetramethylsilane and conducting “non-accelerating experiments”. Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii. Materialy Elektronnoi Tekhniki = Materials of Electronics Engineering. 2019; 22(2): 118—127. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17073/1609-3577-2019-2-118-127</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
