MICRO CARBON ADDITIVE FOR PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT OF THE LEAD−ACID BATTERY

The features and changes in the microstructure of the negative electrode material of a lead−acid battery appearing after adding of carbon black and hybrid carbon were investigated. As shown by X−ray phase analysis and scanning electron microscopy, carbon black and hybrid carbon additives influence the electrode material structure causing changes in soaking and formation processes. In accordance with the structural research, hybrid carbon increases the dispersity of the negative active material and impedes sulfate ions diffusion into its internal layers. Electrical tests of lead−acid batteries including high rate partial state of charge cycling were conducted and the roles of each kinds of carbon additives were estimated. It was shown that the addition of hybrid carbon increases the cycle life of the batteries at high rate partial state of charge operation, improving charge acceptance approximately by 9 % and deep discharge stability. Capacity loss after deep discharge is less than 4.4 % if hybrid carbon is used as an additive and 7.2 % in case of carbon black.

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