A new generation of nanocomposite materials based on carbon and titanium for use in supercapacitor energy storage devices

In this paper, promising nanocomposite materials based on carbon and titanium are considered. It is shown that the use of a highly porous matrix is of particular interest. Materials based on such matrices have minimal weight and high strength characteristics. The paper also describes composites based on porous carbon fibers with metal oxides. The directions for producing composites can be divided into three types: matrix method, coating of finished nanoparticles with an inert shell, and the formation of nanoparticles and matrices in one process. The coating of nanoparticles with an inert shell prevents their oxidation and preserves the necessary magnetic properties. When using methods such as IR pyrolysis, arc evaporation forms third-party metal-carbon phases that pollute the resulting material. To avoid this, reducing agents are used, for example, hydrogen when coking nanoparticles in a methane plasma current restores metal particles from its Sol-gel and prevents them from reacting with carbon. But with this method, it is difficult to control the particle size. Using a ready-made matrix allows you to control the size of nanoparticles. However, this method uses high temperatures, and sometimes hydrogen, which complicates the production process. The main problem in the field of nanocomposites is the search for more technological, simple, cheap and environmentally friendly methods for obtaining nanocomposites with high performance characteristics. The developed technology for forming the pore space of the initial carbon matrix does not have the above disadvantages. This technology has a simple, cheap, environmentally friendly design. high temperatures are not used in the process of producing nanocomposites and third-party metal-carbon phases are not formed. The resulting nanocomposite materials were used as electrodes for ultra-high-volume capacitor structures. When studying the capacitance and electrical characteristics of samples, it was found that the formation of metal on a porous carbon matrix can significantly reduce the internal resistance of the cell and increase the specific energy consumption.

nanocomposite materials, metal-carbon nanocomposites, superporous carbon-based materials, nanostructured carbon materials, ultra-large capacitor structures, energy storage, electrode materials

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