Современное состояние и перспективы развития технологии органогалогенидных перовскитных солнечных ячеек: кристаллическая структура и формирование тонких пленок, морфология, обработка, деградация и повышение стабильности с использованием углеродных нанотрубок

Рассмотрены фундаментальные проблемы современного состояния исследований в области органо-неорганических органогалогенидных перовскитов (ОГП) в качестве основы для создания солнечных ячеек с повышенной эффективностью. Приведены данные о разнообразии перовскитов и их основных свойствах. Дана хронология развития исследований в данном направлении — структурные аспекты ОГП-перовскитов, от самых первых двумерных до современных трехмерных перовскитов с формулой MAPbI₃, а также важных технологических аспектов создания структуры гладких тонких пленок с использованием разнообразных методов, в частности, подбора растворителей, нанесения покрытий методами центрифугирования и погружения, вауумного осаждения,технологии катионного обмена, наноимпринта (в особенности, разносторонней роли полимеров). Проанализированы наиболее важные теоретические проблемы, в частности, электронная структура решетки, дефектно-примесные состояния в чистых и смешанных перовскитах, подавление электронно-дырочной рекомбинации, сверхбольшие времена жизни и диффузионные длины. Рассмотрены эффекты деградации, связанные с влажностью и фотооблучением, а также деградация металлических электродов на солнечных ячейках на основе ОГП. Продемонстрировано применение углеродных наноструктур — углеродных нанотрубок (УНТ) и графена — в качестве стабильных полупрозначных коллекторов заряда на поверхности ОГП-перовскитов на примере оригинальных результатов, полученных авторами.

перовскит, солнечная ячейка, фотоэлектрический, органическая солнечная ячейка, стабильность, тонкая пленка, углерод, углеродные нанотрубки, графен, полимер, наноимпринт

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