Electrode materials based on carbon and metal-organic framework structures with built-in chemically active and functional elements

The paper presents an overview of various types of carbon matrices with a high specific surface area and the technology of filling them with chemically active and auxiliary materials. The main attention is paid to promising matrices based on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and on commercially available rolled carbon materials such as Busofit. Their structural features are considered and their classification is presented. The main methods and approaches to the synthesis of both MOFs themselves and composite materials based on them are considered.
As one of the options for changing the properties of MOFs and composite materials based on them, an approach based on doping MOFs with a ZIF-67 structure with another metal is presented. In particular, the scientific team of authors implemented the synthesis of cobalt MOFs, in which Co is partially replaced by manganese at the synthesis stage. In addition, a simple synthesis technique was used by coprecipitation in an aqueous solution, but modified by ultrasonic exposure, which reduces the duration of the synthesis. Electrochemical studies have shown that the specific electrochemical capacity of electrodes from pyrolyzed MOFs with partial substitution of cobalt with manganese is significantly higher than that of materials without manganese. With an increase in the manganese content in MOFs, both the specific capacity and the energy density increase. Doping MOFs with Mn allows for a significant (from 100 to 298 F/g at a current density of 0.25 A/g) improvement in the electrochemical characteristics of electrode materials for hybrid supercapacitors based on them. The results obtained by the authors indicate that substituting cobalt with manganese is an effective way to improve the electrochemical characteristics of MOFs.

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