Электродные материалы на основе углеродных и металлорганических каркасных структур с встроенными химически активными и функциональными элементами (обзор)

 работе представлен обзор различных видов углеродных матриц с высокой удельной поверхностью и технологии заполнения их химически активными и вспомогательными материалами. Основное внимание уделено перспективным матрицам на основе металлорганических каркасов (МОК) и на основе серийно выпускаемых рулонных углеродных материалов типа «Бусофит». Рассмотрены их особенности структуры, представлена классификация. Рассмотрены основные методы и подходы к синтезу как самих МОК, так и композиционных материалов на их основе. 
В качестве одного из вариантов изменения свойств МОК и композиционных материалов на их основе представлен подход, основанный на допировании МОК со структурой ZIF-67 другим металлом. В частности, научным коллективом авторов реализован синтез кобальтовых МОК, в которых Co частично замещен марганцем на стадии синтеза. Помимо этого, использована простая методика синтеза путем соосаждения в водном растворе, но модифицированная ультразвуковым воздействием, которое сокращает продолжительность синтеза. Электрохимические исследования показали, что удельная электрохимическая емкость электродов из пиролизованных МОК с частичным замещением кобальта на марганец значительно выше, чем у материалов без марганца. С увеличением содержания марганца в МОК возрастает как удельная емкость, так и плотность энергии. Допирование МОК Mn позволяет значительно (от 100 до 298 Ф/г при плотности тока 0,25 А/г) улучшить электрохимические характеристики материалов электродов для гибридных суперконденсаторов на их основе. Полученные авторами результаты свидетельствуют о том, что замещение кобальта марганцем является эффективным способом повышения электрохимических характеристик МОК. 

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