Study of Titanium Oxide Nanoporous and Nanotubular Layer Formation Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
https://doi.org/10.17073/1609-3577-2012-3-54-59
Abstract
Nanoporous and nanotubular titanium oxide layers were fabricated by electrochemical etching in a mixed organic–inorganic electrolyte. The process of layers formation was investigated in−situ using the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy method. The experimental data show that, except for an initial stage of electrolytic etching, the impedance of a porous titanium oxide layer during almost the entire process is determined by the impedance of a small contact area of electrolyte/titanium oxide at the bottom of the nanoporous and nanotubular layers. The observed higher resistances of space charge region in the titanium oxide layer in comparison with the resistance of charge transfer at the electrolyte/TiOx boundary testify that the growth rate of porous and nanotubular layers is limited by the diffusion of titanium and oxygen ions through the oxide layer, and not by the diffusion of ions in the electrolyte.
About the Authors
L. A. Balagurov
Giredmet
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
M. A. Agafonova
Moscow State University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
E. A. Petrova
Giredmet
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
A. I. Yakovenko
Moscow State University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
References
1. Mor, G. K. Use of highly−ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays in dye−sensitized solar cells / G. K. Mor, K. Shankar, M. Paulose, O. K. Varghese, C. A. Grimes // Nano Lett. − 2006. − V. 6, N 2. − P. 215—218.
2. Chu, S. Z. Highly porous (TiO2—SiO2—TeO2)/Al2O3/TiO2 composite nanostructures on glass with enhanced photocatalysis fabricated by anodization and sol−gel process / S. Z. Chu, S. Inoue, K. Wada, D. Li, H. Haneda, S. Awatsu // J. Phys. Chem. B. − 2003. − V. 107, N 27. − P. 6586—6589.
3. Mor, G. K. Enhanced photocleavage of water using titania nanotube arrays / G. K. Mor, K. Shankar, M. Paulose, O. K. Varghese, C. A. Grimes // Nano Lett. − 2005. − V. 5, N 1. − P. 191—195.
4. Mura, F. Stable TiO2 nanotube arrays with high UV photoconversion efficiency / F. Mura, A. Masci, M. Pasquali, A. Pozio // Electrochimica Acta. − 2010. − V. 55, N 7. − P. 2246—2251.
5. Michailowski, A. Highly regular anatase nanotubule arrays fabricated in porous anodic templates / A. Michailowski, D. Mawlawi, G. S. Cheng, M. Moskovits // Chem. Phys. Lett. − 2001. − V. 349, N 1. − P. 1—5.
6. Kobayashi, S. Preparation of helical transition−metal oxide tubes using organogelators as structure−directing agents / S. Kobayashi, N. Hamasaki, M. Suzuki, M. Kimura, H. Shirai, K. Hanabusa // J. Amer. Chem. Soc. − 2002. − V. 124, N 23. − P. 6550—6551.
7. Tian, Z. R. Large oriented arrays and continuous films of TiO2−based nanotubes / Z. R. Tian, J. A. Voigt, J. Liu, B. McKenzie, H. Xu // Ibid. − 2003. − V. 125, N 41. − P. 12384—12385.
8. Yao, B. D. Formation mechanism of TiO2 nanotubes / B. D. Yao, Y. F. Chan, X. Y. Zhang, W. F. Zhang, Z. Y. Yang, N. Wang // Appl. Phys. Lett. − 2003. − V. 82, N 2. − P. 281—283.
9. Yoriya, S. Initial studies on the hydrogen gas sensing properties of highly−ordered high aspect ratio TiO2 nanotube−arrays 20 μm to 222 μm in length / S. Yoriya, H. E. Prakasam, O. K. Varghese, K. Shankar, M. Paulose, G. K. Mor, T. J. Latempa, C. A. Grimes // Sens. Lett. − 2006. − V. 4, N 3. − P. 334—339.
10. Lai, Y. Self−organized TiO2 nanotubes in mixed organic– inorganic electrolytes and their photoelectrochemical performance / Y. Lai, H. Zhuang, L. Sun, Z. Chen, C. Lin // Electrochimica Acta. − 2009. − V. 54, N 26. − P. 6536—6542.
11. Peng, X. TiO2 nanotube arrays fabricated by anodization in different electrolytes for biosensing / X. Peng, B. G. Betzaida, G. Qing, L. Dawei, C. Guozhong // Electrochem. Comm. − 2007. − V. 9, N 9. − P. 2441—2447.
12. Grimes, C. A. Light, water, hydrogen: the solar generation of hydrogen by water photoelectrolysis. / C. A. Grimes, O. K. Varghese, S. Ranjan. − Springer, 2008. − 546 p.
13. Grimes, C. A. TiO2 Nanotube arrays: synthesis, properties and applications. / C. A. Grimes, G. K. Mor. − Springer, 2009. − 358 p.
14. Lasia, A. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and its applications. / A. Lasia // Modern aspects of electrochemistry. − N.−Y. : Kluwer Academic Plenum. Publishers, 1999. − V. 32. − P. 148—248.
Review
For citations:
Balagurov L.A., Agafonova M.A., Petrova E.A., Yakovenko A.I. Study of Titanium Oxide Nanoporous and Nanotubular Layer Formation Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii. Materialy Elektronnoi Tekhniki = Materials of Electronics Engineering. 2012;(3):54-59. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.17073/1609-3577-2012-3-54-59
Views:
772
Email this article 